Infection Prevention and Control Guidelines

November 05, 2024

Preventing infections is vital to ensuring the safety and well-being of patients, staff and visitors. Hospitals, by their nature, are environments where people with varying health conditions converge, making infection control an important aspect of patient care. Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare (JHAH) provides some infection prevention practices that everyone should follow to reduce the risk of infection.

Hand Hygiene

Hand hygiene is one of the most important measures in preventing the spread of infections. Throughout the day, we touch many surfaces that can easily carry germs. This can lead to the spread of germs and infections.

Wash your hands regularly: Make a habit of washing your hands with soap and water, especially after using the bathroom, before eating, after sneezing or coughing and before touching your face. If soap and water are unavailable, use and alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
Keep nails short and clean: Germs can hide under long fingernails, so it is important to keep your nails trimmed and clean.

Respiratory Hygiene

Infections such as the flu, common cold and even more serious respiratory illnesses like pneumonia or COVID-19 can spread easily. Proper respiratory hygiene is essential in reducing the transmission of such infections.

Cover your mouth and nose: Always cover your mouth and nose (either with a tissue or your arm) when coughing or sneezing. This minimizes the spread of droplets that may contain harmful bacteria or viruses.
Practice good hygiene year-round: Respiratory illnesses can be spread throughout the year. It is important to maintain good respiratory hygiene habits throughout the year, especially in high-risk environments such as hospitals.

Personal Health Practices

Taking care of your personal health is crucial for both preventing infections and ensuring a quicker recovery in case you fall ill. The healthier you are, the better your body is at fighting infections.

Stay home if you feel unwell: If you experience symptoms of a contagious illness, such as fever, cough, or body aches, it is important to stay home. This not only helps your recovery but also prevents the spread of the illness to others.
Ensure sufficient sleep: Sleep is a critical component of maintaining a strong immune system. Lack of sleep can make your body more susceptible to infections.
Engage in regular physical activity: Physical activity boosts your immune system and keeps your body resilient to infections. Even light exercises like walking can make a difference.
Spend time outdoors: Fresh air is beneficial for your overall well-being. When possible, spend time outside in a safe environment to refresh both mind and body.

Food Safety

Food safety is another key area where infection prevention practices come into play. Contaminated food can lead to foodborne illnesses, which are particularly dangerous for patients with compromised immune systems.

Wash your hands before handling food: Before preparing or eating food, ensure your hands are clean to avoid transferring bacteria or viruses to the food.
Cook food to proper temperatures: Always ensure that food, particularly meats, are cooked to the appropriate temperatures to kill any harmful pathogens.
Store food properly: Proper food storage at the correct temperatures prevents the growth of harmful bacteria, reducing the risk of foodborne illnesses.

Environmental Hygiene

Surfaces, such as desks, countertops, and shared equipment, are potential carriers of germs and bacteria. Regular disinfection of these surfaces is critical to infection prevention.

Disinfect shared surfaces: High-touch areas like doorknobs, tables, and medical equipment are disinfected regularly to reduce the risk of contamination. Be mindful of touching shared surfaces and wash your hands afterward.

Adhering to infection prevention and control practices is a shared responsibility among patients, staff, and visitors. By practicing good hand hygiene, maintaining respiratory health, following personal health practices, ensuring food safety, and keeping the environment clean, we can significantly reduce the risk of infection spread. These small but essential habits protect not only you but also those around you, contributing to a safer and healthier environment for all.